By Eric Huang    Photo：CANVA

The Indochina Peninsula, encompassing China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand, serves as a crucial international logistics hub. Its strategic location and economic interdependence make cross-border transportation in this region highly significant. Below, we will introduce the main land ports between these countries, their operations, and their importance in promoting international trade.

Land Ports between China and Vietnam

The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province of China border northern Vietnam, with major land ports including:

Lao Cai (Vietnam) – Hekou (China) Port: This port mainly handles the import and export of goods such as fertilizers, daily necessities, and food from China, and rice and fruits from Vietnam. It is 430 kilometers from Haiphong City, Vietnam.

Cao Bang (Vietnam) – Long Bang (China) Port: This port mainly deals with bulk commodities like aluminum ingots, cassava chips, and cassava flour. It is 380 kilometers from Haiphong City.

Youyi Guan Port(Vietnam) – Youyi Guan Port(China) Port: This port handles the import and export of electronic products, raw materials, fruits from Thailand and Vietnam, textiles, and machinery. It is 230 kilometers from Haiphong City.

Mong Cai (Vietnam) – Dongxing (China) Port: This port deals with machinery, textiles, electronic factory raw materials, daily necessities, food, and fruits. It is 220 kilometers from Haiphong City.

Land Ports between Vietnam and Laos

Land ports between Vietnam and Laos are vital for bilateral trade in the Indochina Peninsula, especially for goods transported from Thailand through Laos to China:

Cau Treo (Vietnam) – Nam Phao (Laos) Port: This port is crucial for transporting Chinese goods by land to Vientiane or nearby factories for export by sea. It is 360 kilometers from Vientiane, Laos, and 460 kilometers from Haiphong Port, Vietnam. It serves as the main gateway for northern Laos' exports of bananas, rubber, cassava chips, marble, and agricultural products.

Cha Lo (Vietnam) – Na Phao (Laos) Port: This port is one of the transit points for Chinese and Thai goods, especially for transporting Thai fruits to China. It is 160 kilometers from the Thai border, 510 kilometers from Haiphong Port, and 650 kilometers from China's Friendship Pass.

Lao Bao (Vietnam) – Dansavan (Laos) Port: This port is important for exporting goods from southern Laos, including bananas, other fruits, medicinal herbs, and rubber, to Vietnam's central port of Da Nang for global export. It is 270 kilometers from Da Nang, Vietnam.

Land Ports between Vietnam and Cambodia

Land ports between Vietnam and Cambodia play a key role in trade between Phnom Penh and Ho Chi Minh City, especially in the export of fruits and minerals:

Moc Bai (Vietnam) – Bavet (Cambodia) Port: This port is the main trade route between Phnom Penh and Ho Chi Minh City. Exports from factories near Phnom Penh, fruits, and minerals from northern Cambodia are transported through this port to Ho Chi Minh Port for shipping. It is 180 kilometers from Phnom Penh and 90 kilometers from Cai Lai Port, and 140 kilometers from Cai Mep Port in Ho Chi Minh City.

Ha Tien (Vietnam) – Prek Chak (Cambodia) Port: This port is a major gateway for goods between Sihanoukville, Cambodia, and Ho Chi Minh City. It is 150 kilometers from Sihanoukville Port and 340 kilometers from Cai Lai Port in Ho Chi Minh City.

Land Ports between Laos and Thailand

Land ports between Laos and Thailand are equally important for bilateral trade, especially after the opening of the China-Laos railway:

Nong Khai (Thailand) – Thanaleng (Laos) Port: This is the most important port between Vientiane, Laos, and Thailand. With the opening of the China-Laos railway, many Thai goods are transported through this port to Vientiane railway station, then by rail to China. It is one of the busiest ports.

Nakhon Phanon (Thailand) – Thakhek (Laos) Port: This port is a key route for Thai fruits exported to China. All Thai fruits pass through this port, transit through Laos, and reach China's Youyi Guan Portor Dongxing ports. Traffic congestion is common at this port.

Mukdahan (Thailand) – Kaysone Phomvihan (Laos) Port: This port is crucial for the trade of industrial and agricultural products between Thailand and Savannakhet Province in Laos.

Major Land Routes between China/Vietnam/Laos/Cambodia/Thailand

The main land routes currently in the Indochina Peninsula are vital for enhancing transportation efficiency and trade flow:

China - Youyi Guan Port - Tiaojiao Port - Vientiane, Laos: This route is crucial for goods moving from China to Laos.

China - Dongxing Port - Tiaojiao Port - Vientiane, Laos: Another key route for transporting goods from China to Laos.

Thailand - Nakhon Phanom Port - Cha Lo Port - Youyi Guan Port: This route is important for Thai goods entering China through Laos.

Thailand - Nakhon Phanom Port - Cha Lo Port - Dongxing Port: An alternative route for Thai goods to reach China via Laos.

China - Youyi Guan Port - Moc Bai - Phnom Penh, Cambodia: This route facilitates trade from China to Cambodia through Vietnam.

China - Dongxing Port - Ha Tien Port - Sihanoukville, Cambodia: This route supports trade from China to Cambodia's Sihanoukville.

The complex network of land ports and routes in the Indochina Peninsula underscores the region's economic interdependence. These connections not only facilitate the flow of goods but also strengthen economic ties between China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand, contributing significantly to the region's overall economic growth and development.

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